|
|
 |
 |
|
Migraine
Migraine is a primary headache disorder with, almost certainly, a genetic basis. Activation of a mechanism deep in the brain causes release of pain-producing inflammatory substances around the nerves and blood vessels of the head. Why this happens periodically, and what brings the process to an end in spontaneous resolution of attacks, are to a large extent uncertain. Adults with migraine describe episodic attacks with specific features (see table below), of which nausea is the most characteristic. Attack frequency is anywhere between once a year and once a week (most commonly once a month). In children, attacks tend to be of shorter duration and abdominal symptoms more prominent.
Headache
- moderate or severe in intensity;
- one-sided and/or pulsating;
- aggravated by routine physical activity
Duration
- hours to 2-3 days
Accompanying symptoms
- nausea and sometimes vomiting and/or dislike or intolerance of normal
levels of light and sound
Commonly starting at puberty, migraine most affects those aged between 35 and 45 years but can trouble much younger people, including children. European and American studies have shown that 6-8% of men and 15-18% of women experience migraine each year. A similar pattern is seen in Central and South America. Researchers in Puerto Rico, for example, have found 6% of men and 17% of women suffering from migraine. A survey conducted in Turkey revealed even greater prevalence in that country: 10% in men and 22% in women. The higher rates in women everywhere (2-3 times those in men) are hormonally-driven.
Migraine appears somewhat less prevalent, but still common, in Asia (3% of men and 10% of women) and in Africa (3-7% in community-based studies). Major studies have yet to be conducted. But for example in India, anecdotal evidence suggests similar levels. “High temperatures and light levels for more than eight months of the year, the heavy noise pollution, the Indian habit of not having breakfast, frequent fasting and eating rich, spicy and fermented food, are common triggers,” says Dr K. Ravishankar from Mumbai, a leading specialist.
|
